Bad Reasons to Enroll in an Online College

Bad Reasons to Enroll in an Online College If you’re thinking about enrolling in an online college, make sure that you’re doing it for the right reasons. A lot of new enrollees sign up, pay their tuition, and are disappointed that their online classes aren’t what they expected. There are definitely some good reasons for wanting to become an online student, such as the ability to balance school and family, the chance to earn a degree while continuing work, and the opportunity to enroll in an out-of-state institution. But, enrolling for the wrong reason can lead to frustration, lost tuition money, and transcripts that make transferring to another school a challenge. Here are some of the worst reasons to enroll in an online college: You Think It Will Be Easier If you think that earning an online degree is going to be a piece of cake, forget about it. Any legitimate, accredited program is held to strict standards regarding the content and rigor of their online courses. Many people actually find online classes more challenging because without a regular in-person class to attend it can be difficult to find the motivation to stay on track and keep up with the work. You Think It Will Be Cheaper Online colleges aren’t necessarily cheaper than their brick-and-mortar counterparts. While they don’t have the overhead of a physical campus, course design can be costly and finding professors that are good at teaching and technologically competent can be a challenge. It’s true that some legitimate online colleges are very affordable. However, others are twice as much as comparable brick-and-mortar schools. When it comes to comparing colleges, judge each institution individually and keep an eye out for hidden student fees. You Think It Will Be Faster If a school offers you a diploma in just a few weeks, you can rest assured that you’re being offered a piece of paper from a diploma mill and not an actual college. Using a diploma mill â€Å"degree† is not only unethical, but it is also illegal in many states. Some legitimate online colleges will help students transfer credits or earn credit based on the exam. However, accredited colleges won’t let you breeze through classes or get credit based on unproven â€Å"life experience.† You Want to Avoid Interacting With People While it’s true that online colleges have less personal interaction, you should realize that most quality colleges now require students to work with their professors and peers to some degree. In order for colleges to receive financial aid, they must offer online classes that include meaningful interaction rather than serve as online versions of mail correspondence courses. That means you can’t expect to just turn in assignments and get a grade. Instead, plan on being active on discussion boards, chat forums, and virtual group work. You Want to Avoid All of the General Education Requirements Some online colleges are marketed towards working professionals that want to avoid taking courses like Civics, Philosophy, and Astronomy. However, in order to keep their accreditation, legitimate online colleges must require at least a minimal amount of general education courses. You may be able to get away without that Astronomy class but plan on taking the basics like English, Math, and History. Telemarketing One of the worst ways decide to attend an online college is to give in to the continual calls of their telemarketing campaigns. Some of the less reputable colleges will call dozens of times to encourage new enrollees to sign up over the phone. Don’t fall for it. Make sure that you do your research and feel confident that the college you choose is right for you. The Online College Promises You Some Sort of Goodies Free GED courses? A new laptop computer? Forget about it. Anything that a college promises you in order to get you to enroll is simply added to the price of your tuition. A school that promises tech toys should probably receive quite a bit of scrutiny before you hand over your tuition check.

you are what you eat essays

you are what you eat essays People are, as the expression goes, what they eat. After all, the muscles in a persons body, and the blood flowing through their veins, are all supplied by the food that he or she consumes. Understandably, these foods would also have an effect on the way the brain functions. The foods we eat have measurable effects on the bodys performance, they may prove to have an even more critical influence on how the brain handles its tasks. The idea that the right foods, or the natural neurochemicals they contain, can enhance mental capabilities such as by defusing stress. (Blun 2) In the 1970s, Dr. Richard Wurtman of MIT and his graduate student, John Ferstrom, discovered that the nutrient composition of a meal affects the brains neurotransmitters, substances that control nerve impulses. They also found in rats, that the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin had great involvement with food intake. Dr. Wurtmans wife, Judith, later found that the carbohydrate content of a meal might influence dopamine and serotonin synthesis. Dopamine is related with alertness; it is used for fast reflexes, mental energy, and to assist in problem solving. Serotonin helps a person deal with stress. When the brain uses serotonin, feelings of stress and anxiety are replaced by a sense of tranquillity, often to the extent of somnolence.(Trankina 2) Serotonin is a composite of tryptophan, an amino acid that is found in food. The most simplistic way to obtain tryptophan is by consuming a high-carbohydrate meal, and avoiding foods containing protein and fat. (1-3) People in general are better able to cope with stress when their diets are high in complex carbohydrates. Many people misconstrue helpful, complex carbohydrates with sugary, refined carbohydrates. Refined carbohydrates are contained in foods such as white breads, sugar coated cereals, white rice, and other flour-based carbo...

Current event summary Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current event summary - Personal Statement Example he comprehensive history of Luther is one that explains a leader who was willing, and motivated the society towards championing for their rights (Fandel & Bascle 28). The history of America is one that recalls the towers built by Luther that are transmitted from one generation to the next. Achua &Lussier indicate that Desmond Tutu is a leader that portrayed a lot servant leadership (332). Tutu derived a lot of meaning from an apprehension that their legacy is crucial in providing their followers with a foundation of self development, accord and companionship (Achua &Lussier 332). Tutu was a charismatic leader who made numerous sacrifices and suffered meaningfully on behalf of his people (Achua &Lussier 332). Abrams says that Thambo Mbeki is a leader that will be remembered for his commitment to leadership (88). He was dedicated and devoted to the people of South Africa, and fought continuously for his people. He is remembered for his fight against apartheid, and as a president, he attempted to heal the wounds of oppression from previous decades (24). Curtis & Manning is of the thought Adolf Hitler is one that is a good example of negative historical significance (23). Hitler as a leader during his tenure in 1919-1945, is indicated to have a lot of weaknesses, and used suggestion to lead (Curtis & Manning 23). Though Hitler had a good beginning, he had numerous personal weaknesses that led to his isolation, and label as a dictator (Curtis & Manning 23). Niagawoe is of the opinion that Charles Taylor, as a leader is one of the major contributors of the Liberian civil war (21). Taylor is accused of corrupt scandals that siphoned a lot of funds from the Liberian government. With crimes against humanity befalling his shoulders, Taylor has a lot of cases to answer with the International Criminal Court. Laufs says that Robert Mugabe is yet another leader that displayed vices of a manipulative leader (18). Mugabe is a leader that has resulted to not embracing

Case of Dell in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case of Dell in Australia - Essay Example B2B and B2C become the main models used by companies to reach their target audiences nod meet customers demands (Bearden et al 2004). It seems likely that direct selling from the manufacturer will grow exponentially. Indeed, it is this very transferability of information which virtually guarantees the demise of traditional industry boundaries. Companies are increasingly finding that, if they combine their information assets with those of other companies, the combined information resource is considerably more useful to all sides: two and two, in this instance, can make a lot more than four. Put together a social security or tax database with another database of people who owe debts and you have a means of tracking individual debtors over long periods of time and collecting the debt from them when they finally have the money to repay it (a process is known as debt surveillance and already being offered by some companies) (Dedrick and Kraemer 2001). The corporate objectives of Dell are to make self-help more useful and easier to use, improve customer support and direct customer relationships. The clear and effective strategy allows a company to redefine itself — at all levels, from strategy to the operation of individual processes (Drejer, 2002). Dell, a company that is comparatively unconstrained by physical geography (a seller of services across the Internet, for example) can reconfigure its distribution to take advantage of the variances in domestic tax regimes at virtually no cost: it does not have any physical assets of any consequence that need to be relocated. For dell, its value chain can be seen as a series of interrelated functions within any organization that link its inputs (raw materials to a factory, inbound logistics to a retail outlet) to its outputs (outbound logistics, the sale of goods to customers), the virtual value chain refers to the value that can be generated by exploiting the information generat ed by any stage of this  process.

Developmental Stages Essay Example for Free

Developmental Stages Essay Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan. He believed that personality develops in a series of stages. In his theory he explains eight stages through which a healthy developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood. According to Erikson (1950), â€Å"Each stage builds on the successful completion of earlier stages. The challenges of stages not successfully completed may be expected to reappear as problems in the future†. In Erikson’s first stage, infancy (birth to 18 months), he centers on the concept of trust vs. mistrust where the infants basic needs are being met. During this stage, the child’s relative understanding of the world and society comes from parents/primary caregiver. Infants are especially dependant for food, sustenance, and comfort. According to Erikson (1950), the major developmental task in infancy is to learn whether or not other people, especially primary caregivers, regularly satisfy basic needs. If caregivers are consistent sources of food, comfort, and affection, an infant learns to trust that others are trustworthy. If they are neglectful, or perhaps even abusive, the infant instead learns mistrust in that the world is in an undependable, unpredictable, and possibly dangerous place. As an infant, I was fortunate to experience the love and nurturing that was needed to gain trust from my caregivers. My mother would rock me to sleep while singing or reading to me. As a result, I developed a passion for music and reading. My parents made me feel like everything was going to be alright. I still believe no matter what happens that eventually everything is going to be alright. In Erikson’s second developmental stage, Early Childhood (18 Months to 3 years), he asserts that a child begins to explore his surroundings after they gain control of eliminative functions and motor abilities (Harder, 2002). A child has the opportunity to build self-esteem and autonomy as he gain more control over our bodies and acquire new skills (learning right from wrong). In this stage the parents or primary caregivers help the child by being patient and encouraging, which fosters autonomy in the child. Parents or caregivers who are highly restrictive are more likely to instill in the child with a sense of doubt and reluctance to attempt new challenges. My parents allowed me to explore but not to the point where my safety was in jeopardy. They popped my hand if I reached for the socket, floor heater, ashtray, or anything else that was in harm’s way. It was during this stage of my life that I received praise for things that I accomplished; for instance, using the potty and putting my toys away. I learned how to master certain skills for myself. Erikson believes that the third stage, Play Age (3 to 5 years), is essential to a healthy child. It is during this time that children really learn what they live. They want to imitate adults and others around them. This is the stage where most healthy children begin to broaden their skills through active play of all sorts, including fantasy. They also learn to cooperate with others and to lead as well as follow. Young children in this category face the challenge of initiative versus guilt. Nevertheless, Erikson (1968) said that at this stage children usually become involved in the classic â€Å"Oedipal struggle† and resolve these struggles through â€Å"social role identification†. As a result, the child can be immobilized by guilt. According to Erikson (1950) the child is fearful, hangs on the fringe of groups, continues to depend unduly on adults, and is restricted both in the development of play skills and in imagination. As a child, I remember walking in my mother’s shoes when she was not wearing them. We played dress up and pretended we were queens. My basic family was the most significant relationship. In Erik Erikson’s fourth stage, School Age (6 to 12 years), children are capable of creating, learning and accomplishing new task (Harder, 2002). They are becoming more aware of themselves as individuals and, as a result, they become more reasonable to share and cooperate. They work hard at being responsible, being good and doing it right (Allen Marotz, 2003). Allen Marotz (2003) also list some perceptual cognitive developmental traits specific for this age group. Children understand the concepts of space and time in more logical, practical ways and begin to gain a better understanding of cause and effect and calendar time. At this stage, children are eager to learn and accomplish more complex skills such as reading, writing, and telling time. They also get to form moral values, recognize cultural and individual differences and are able to manage most of their personal needs and grooming with minimal assistance (Allen Marotz, 2003). At this stage, children might express their independence by being disobedient, using back talk, and being rebellious. For myself, I became disobedient but it didn’t take much for them to get me back on track. My parents only had to spank me several times in my life and never for the same thing. If children are encouraged to make and do things and are then praised for their accomplishments, they begin to demonstrate industry by being diligent, preserving at tasks until completed and putting work before pleasure. On the other hand, if children are punished or ridiculed for their efforts or if they feel they are not meeting others (teachers/parents) expectations, they develop feelings of inferiority about their capabilities. In Erikson’s fifth stage, Adolescence (12 to 18 years), he believes up to this stage development mostly depends upon what is done to us. From here on out what we do determines our development (Harder, 2002). The concept of identity vs. role confusion is used in that it is where a child is neither a child nor an adult. The adolescent is concerned with how they appear to others. This is when what was learned early on play an important part of how an adolescent see themselves. For example, if a child learned mistrust in infancy, shame in early childhood, guilt at play age, and inferiority at school age, what are the chances of this child having a positive image of themselves as an adolescent? Our task is to discover who we are as individuals separate from family. As they make the transition from childhood to adulthood, adolescents ponder the roles they will play in the adult world. Initially, they are apt to experience some role confusion- mixed ideas and feelings about the speci fic ways in which they will fit into society- and may experiment with a variety of behaviors and activities. At this stage in my life my Grandma taught me some very valuable things. My grandma farmed a beautiful garden which she kept me involved with. From tiling the land, planting the seeds, and watering the garden I learned a great deal. Not only did I learn about vegetation, I learned about life. My grandma taught me the valuable lesson of reaping what you have sown and how one bad fruit can spoil the whole bunch. I also learned that you have to believe in yourself, as well as believe in a Higher Power. My grandma taught me how to live off the land, but most importantly, she showed me by being a good example for me to follow. Erikson (1968) is credited with coining the term identity crisis because each stage that came before and that follows has its own crisis, but even more so now, for this marks the transition from childhood to adulthood. It is necessary for this passage to take place because throughout infancy and childhood a person forms much identification. As a marked turning point in human development, it seems to be the reconciliation between the person one has come to be and the person society expects him to become. An emerging sense of self will be established by forging past experiences with anticipations of the future. In relation to the eight life stages as a whole, the fifth stage corresponds to the crossroads, a time of great change of the body as well as the mind. Youth is a bridge between childhood and adulthood. Currently, I find myself in Erik Erikson’s sixth stage of development, Young Adulthood (18 to 35 years). Erikson (1950) expressed that young adults are in a stage of intimacy versus isolation. The Intimacy vs. Isolation conflict is emphasized around the ages of 20 to 34. At the start of this stage, identity vs. role confusion is coming to an end, and it still lingers at the foundation of the next stage (Erikson, 1950). In this stage individuals develop intimate and close relationships with others (Crandell, C randell, Vander Zanden, 2009). I find myself struggling with this particular concept extensively. With the type of personality that I have, I constantly look for everyone to like me; therefore I never really established a close and intimate relationship with a significant person that means anything. Zucker, Ostrove, Stewart, (2002) reported that identity certainty may continue to increase over the course of adulthood. I am finding that having tried to make people like me that I lost a part of myself. I lost who I was. In finally having the chance to really experience life with someone who loves me for me, I can focus on doing things for myself as well as doing things for my significant other as well, thus making us both happy in our relationship. Erikson (1950) also argues that Intimacy has a counterpart he calls distantiation which is the readiness to isolate and, if necessary, to destroy those forces and people whose essence seems dangerous to our own, and whose territory seems to encroach on the extent of ones intimate relations. Once people have established their identities, they are ready to make long-term commitments to others. If people cannot form these intimate relationships (perhaps because of their own needs) a sense of isolation may result. In comparing Kohlberg’s and Erikson’s developmental theories, I discovered that I can relate my life to both theories. There have been both internal (Erikson) and external (Kohlberg) forces that have affected my life. Internally, it was the nurturing and love I received from my Grandmother as a child. She also taught me life lessons. Externally, I watched my grandmother care for her grandmother. It gave me a love and passion for caring for the elderly, not realizing that it was also teaching me how to care for her when she could no longer care for herself. In the mention of Erikson’s â€Å"identity crisis†, I realize that most of my life stages were identified by such crises. At the age of 5, I experienced abandonment and rejection from my father. This shaped my childhood and adolescent years around seeking to hurt before being hurt and also looking for love and attention in others. I learned that a child who grows up not receiving a lot of love and affection may later in life look for love in all the wrong places, thus leading to promiscuous behavior, gang involvement, and /or drug use to fill the void. Subsequently, as an adult I found it hard to acquire and maintain intimate relationships. Kohlberg’s moral development theory focuses more on reasoning. Though growing up I never tried to figure out why I was the way I was or why I did the things I did for attention or to get my way, I have begun to look at the reasons behind those actions and have started to correct the negative characteristics of my being. Other factors come into play when speaking of the developmental stages of one’s life. These factors include gender differences, environmental, cultural, and ethnical influences. My father, not having nurturing abilities, failed to realize or comprehend the devastation and effects of his leaving the home had on me. Environmentally, most of us lived off of the land and were friendly to each other. However, most of the environment was that of country living and also racial separation. Culturally, our elderly were not placed in nursing homes but remained in the home to be cared for by family. My grandmother cared for her grandmother who cared for her daughter, one not absent from the other. My grandma instilled in me many morals and values that influenced my behavior today. In conclusion, Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development theorize that there are certain accomplishments that one must encounter to successfully move to the next stage in life. His findings have shown that, in life, sometimes it requires an â€Å"identity crisis† to force an individual into another stage so that person may keep moving forward. There are many different aspects of his psychosocial stages that can shape a person into a healthy human being. Personally, I feel that as growing through each stage of my life according to Erikson, I am on my way to being the perfect role model for his theory. References Allen, K. E., Marotz, L. R. (2003). Developmental profiles (4th ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar. Crain, W. C. (1985). Theories of development. New Jersey:Prentice Hall. pp.118-136 Crandell, T. L., Crandell, C. H., Vander Zanden, J. W. (2009). Human development (9th ed.).Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and society. New York: Norton; Triad/Paladin (1977), p. 242. Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity, youth and crisis. New York: Norton, p. 54 Harder, A. F. (2002). The developmental stages of Erik Erikson. Retrieved from www.learningplaceonline.com/stages/organize/Erikson.html Stevens, R. (1983). Erik Erikson, an introduction. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press. Retrieved from http://openlibrary.org/books/OL3161476M/Erik_Erikson_an_introduction Zucker, A. N., Ostrove, J. M., Stewart, A. J. (2002) College-educated womens personality development in adulthood: Perceptions and age difference. Psychology and Aging. 17(2), 236-244.

John Steinbeck was born to middle-lower class family in the farming Ess

John Steinbeck was born to middle-lower class family in the farming community of Salinas, California. John’s Steinbeck Imagine†¦ your town is suddenly stricken with poverty. Your family business goes under because the economy of your local community can no longer support it. Herds of your closest friends continually move out of the town you grew up in due to a severe shortage of work. The basic necessities of life are so scarce that everyone around you reverts to their animalistic urges to survive. Those who you have came to trust, betray you and your family for selfish reasons. This chaos was typical every day life during the youth of one of America’s greatest writers, John Steinbeck. The environment that engulfed John Stein beck’s early life shaped his literary style to focus on the economic hardships of rural labor and man’s every day struggles with natural urges. John Steinbeck was born to middle-lower class family in the farming community of Salinas, California. John’s father, who was a businessman and politician, experienced great difficulty maintaining a successful business in their small town. John watched his father fail at many endeavors including managing a flour plant and opening a feed and grain store as well as the political corruption his father faced as County Treasurer (Shillinglaw). No matter how much financial adversity John’s family faced, his father always kept a sunny disposition and took the family on frequent trips across California. These small towns and cities John and his family would visit, later served to be the local of his future novels such as: East of Eden and The Red Pony(Fontenrose, 2). John even used his home town of Salinas to serve as the setting for the shor... ...mericans as he did in previous works. In 1960, John published The Winter of Discontent which attacked contemporary American ideals an longed for conservative ideals. This piece, which did not achieve the notoriety that Steinbeck hoped for, would be his last novel before his death in 1968(Shillinglaw). Steinbeck witnessed his home town crumble due to financial strain as a child. He felt the effects of the poor economy as his father bounced from job to job trying to make ends meet. In Steinbeck’s early adulthood he worked odd jobs with the poorest of the poor, staying in touch with the injustices these people faced everyday and witnessing how humans react in times of need. The environment that engulfed John Stein beck’s early life shaped his literary style to focus on the economic hardships of rural labor and man’s every day struggles with natural urges.

Analysing A Contract Of Affreightment Engineering Essay

This is Scenario where we have to analyse one-year Contract of Affreightment ( COA ) to provide 1,750,000 metric tons of Fe ore to the Isdemir Fe & A ; steel work, Turkey. COA contract where ship proprietor agrees to transport a series of lading packages for a fixed monetary value per ton ( Stop Ford M, 2009, pg.183 ) or it is an understanding between an proprietor and a charterer to transport a given measure of lading or measure as required by the charterer during a given period of clip. The proprietor is free to make up one's mind which vas he will utilize. As Operation director of Company we have to happen out whether to offer for this contract or non. In the contract two burden ports are Ponda district attorney Madeira ( Brazil ) for 810,000 metric tons and East intercourse Is, Dampier ( Australia ) for 940,000 Fe ore. Based on the appraisal, Manager has to happen the low Time charter rate by best possible operation of the majority bearer. For happening Time charter tantamount value we have to see several factors sand traps, port charges, canal dues. Stowage factor for Fe ore is 0.40 M3 per metric ton. All Cargo holds are of equal volume and surrogate holds 2, 4, 6 & A ; 8 are empty. In this scenario port charges for Isdemir and Ponta da Madeira is given. Dampier port cost to be calculated merely sing port dues and navigation merely. Ship sand trap is to be planned one time in a unit of ammunition ocean trip. It is to be taken wherever monetary value is cheaper. Current market value is attached in appendix. Now, I will discourse the each inquiry in item one by one as follows.Undertaking 1:Calculate the maximal measure of Fe ore that can be carried from each lading port, based on the ship ‘s design bill of exchange deadweight, and the ship ‘s clasp use For the computation of Maximum measure of Fe that ship can transport depends on the deadweight of the ship. Deadweight is normally denotes Ship transporting capacity in metric tons.Deadweight includes weight of Fuel, shops, H2O, changeless which required onboard ship. Deadweight of this majority bearer is given as 137,000 metric tons Dwt of ship =137,000t Changeless = 500t Fresh H2O = 300t Since Constant and Fresh H2O required all the clip on-board ship. So, we subtract it from ship transporting capacity. Now, Ship can transport = 136, 200t This value besides includes the Fuel weight for one unit of ammunition ocean tripRound ocean trip ponta district attorney Madeira ( Brazil ) -Isdemir ( Meleagris gallopavo ) -ponta da Madeira ( Brazil ) :Sea Distance between Isdemir- ponta district attorney Madeira = 5201 nanometer ( via Gibraltar ) ( Please refer to http: //e-ships.net/dist.htm viewed on 24th Sep. 2010 ) Round the ocean trip distance = 10,402 nanometer Ship speed= 14.2 — — — — ( Given ) Entire Sea clip required cover above distance = 30.5 yearss Sing 10 % possible delay's= 33.6 yearss — — — — — ( 1 )Port TimeHarmonizing to the Appendices 1 & A ; 2 of the contract loading/Discharging rate shall be 40,000 W.M.T ( Wet Metric Tonnes ) per conditions working twenty-four hours. If we consider ladings that ship can transport with changeless and fresh Water = 136, 200t — — — — — – ( 3 ) Loading rate at Ponda district attorney Madeira = 40,000 w.m.t. Approximate laytime in port Ponda district attorney Madeira = 3.05 yearss Dispatching rate at Isdemir = 40,000 w.m.t Approximate Laytime in Isdemir = 3.05 yearss Entire clip in ports = 6.1 yearss Sing 10 % possible hold ‘s = 6.7 yearss — — — — — — – ( 2 ) From ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) Entire figure of yearss for one ocean trip = 40.3 yearss As chief engine fuel ingestion is 42.4t of IFO per twenty-four hours at MCR and 10t of MDO per twenty-four hours at sea and in port. IFO required for 33.6 yearss = 1424 T — — — — — — — — — — – ( 1a ) MDO required for 33.6 yearss = 336 T — — — — — — — — ( 2a ) MDO required in port for 6.7 yearss = 67 T — — — — — – ( 2c ) Entire Tonnes of fuel Required =1826 T — — — — — — — — — — — — — – ( 4 ) From ( 3 ) & A ; ( 4 )Now, Maximum Fe ore that Ship can transport for this routes = 134, 374t( B ) Round ocean trip Dampeir ( Australia ) — Isdemir ( Meleagris gallopavo ) — Dampier ( Australia )Sea TimeSea Distance between Isdemir- Dampeir ( Australia ) = 6479nm ( via Suez ) ( Please refer to http: //e-ships.net/dist.htm viewed on 24th Sep. 2010 ) Round the ocean trip distance = 12,958 nanometer Ship speed = 14.2 — — — — ( Given ) Entire Sea clip required cover above distance = 3 8.0 yearss Sing 10 % possible hold ‘s = 41.8 yearss — — — — — ( 5 )Port TimeHarmonizing to the Appendices 1 & A ; 2 of the contract loading/Discharging rate shall be 40,000 W.M.T ( Wet Metric Tonnes ) per conditions working twenty-four hours. If we consider ladings that ship can transport with changeless and fresh Water = 136, 200t Loading rate at Dampier = 40,000 w.m.t. Approximate laytime in port Dampier = 3.05 twenty-four hours Dispatching rate at Isdemir = 40,000 w.m.t Approximate Laytime in Isdemir = 3.05 yearss Entire clip in ports = 6.1 yearss Sing 10 % possible hold ‘s = 6.7 yearss — — — — — — – ( 6 ) From ( 5 ) and ( 6 ) Entire no of yearss for one ocean trip = 48.5 yearss Entire Requirement of Fuel for One Round Ocean trip: At Sea: As chief engine fuel ingestion is 42.4t of IFO per twenty-four hours at MCR and 10t of MDO per twenty-four hours at sea and in port. IFO required for 41.8 yearss = 1424 T — — — — — — — — — — — — ( 7a ) MDO required for 41.8 yearss = 336 T — — — — — — — — — — — — — ( 7b ) MDO required in port for 6.7 yearss = 67 T — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ( 7c ) Entire Tonnes of fuel Required =2,258 T — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ( 7 ) From ( 3 ) & A ; ( 7 )Now, Maximum Fe ore that Ship can transport for this routes = 133, 942tUndertaking 2:Calculate the cost per metric ton of lading from each lading port to Isdemir. The circular ocean trip costs per metric tons are required for and ‘up and running ‘ service, get downing at the burden ports. For the computation of Cost per tones in each ocean trip we have to happen out cost incurred by port operation, fuel use, canal theodolite, running the vas. On the footing of Voyage cost, running cost and lading carried by ship we can happen the Cost per metric ton. Now we will happen Voyage cost and running cost based on given informations and consequences of inquiry 1.( a ) Ponda district attorney Madeira -Isdemir-Ponda district attorney Madeira:We will happen the Fuel cost foremost. We know Entire tones of IFO and MDO required for one unit of ammunition ocean trip From ( 1a ) , ( 2b ) & A ; ( 2c ) Entire tones of IFO required = 1424 T Entire tones of MDO required =403 T IFO= $ 435 /tones MDO= $ 640 /tones ( Please refer hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bunkerworld.com viewed on 24th Sep.2010 ) Cost for 1424 T of IFO = $ 619, 440 Cost for 403 T of MDO = $ 257, 920 Entire fuel cost = $ 877, 360 — — — — — — — — — — ( 8 )Port Cost:Port cost given for these two ports are as follows: Ponda district attorney Madeira ( Brazil ) = $ 45,000 Isdemir ( Turkey ) = $ 35,000 Entire port cost = $ 80,000 — — — — — — — — — — – ( 9 ) On this path at that place will non be any canal dues as vas will sail via GIBRALTAR, so there is no canal cost on this path. There is no CANAL DUES So, from ( 8 ) & A ; ( 9 ) Ocean trip Cost = $ 957, 360 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — – ( 10 ) Runing Cost: AS Ship running cost given as $ 6000 per twenty-four hours which include rewards of crew, care of ship, shop, insurance, disposal etc. From ( 1 ) & A ; ( 2 ) entire no of yearss for one unit of ammunition ocean trip = 40.3 yearss Runing cost for 40.3 yearss = $ 241,553 — — — — — — – ( 11 ) From ( 10 ) & A ; ( 11 ) Run COST + VOYAGE COST = $ 1, 19 8,193 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — – ( 12 ) Now from ( 3 ) & A ; ( 4 ) Maximum lading that ship can transport = 134, 374t — — — — — — — — — — — — — ( 13 ) So, from ( 12 ) & A ; ( 13 ) We have entire ocean trip cost, running cost and lading that ship can transport for unit of ammunition the ocean trip.Cost per metric ton = $ 8.91( B ) Ocean trip Dampier ( Australia ) -Isdemir ( Turkey ) – Dampier ( Australia ) :Fuel Cost: From the ( 7a ) , ( 7b ) , ( 7c ) we can easy happen the entire measure of IFO and MDO required for one unit of ammunition Ocean trip Entire tones of IFO needed =1773 T Entire tones of MDO needed=485t Taking market mean sand trap monetary value as follows ; IFO= $ 435 /tones MDO= $ 640 /tones ( Please refer hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bunkerworld.com viewed on 24th Sep.2010 ) Entire cost for 1773t of IFO = $ 771, 255 Entire cost for 485 T of MDO= $ 310, 400 Entire fuel cost = $ 1081655 — — — — — — — — — — — ( 14 ) PORT Cost: Port cost for Isdemir ( Turkey ) = $ 35,000 — — — — — — — — — — — — ( given ) Port cost Dampier is to be calculated on the sing port dues and navigation charges merely. We can entree agenda charges by Dampier port authorization by sing following site which is besides attached in appendix and mentioned in mentions. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dpa.wa.gov.au/Port-Facilities/Schedule-of-DPA-Charges.aspx/ HYPERLINK â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dpa.wa.gov.au/Port-Facilities/Schedule-of-DPA-Charges.aspx/ Access on Sep. 24 † Entree on Sep. 24, 2010 ) As GT of ship is given 73,999t Port due charges are to be calculated=0.1916/tonnes Port dues will be= $ 14178.20 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ( 15 ) We will non see Lay-up fee as vas has order does n't necessitate to be at ground tackle Navigation CAHRGES ; For the vas entrance and going from the port greater than 10,000 GRT the navigation charges are $ 8,846.64 for both ways. We will besides see the navigation Exemption fee $ 810. So, Entire navigation charges would be = $ 9656.64 — — — — — — — — — — — ( 16 ) From ( 15 ) & A ; ( 16 ) Port cost at Dampier = $ 23, 834 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ( 17 ) So when calculate the Port cost for Isdemir ( Turkey ) with Port cost at Dampier Entire port cost round the ocean trip = $ 58834 — — — — — — — — — — — — – ( 18 )Canal Cost:On this routes vas would be go throughing through Suez Canal, so we have to happen the Toll charges by canal authorization on both manner that is with loaded ship and ballast ship. Suez Canal net tunnage ( SCNT ) =67,109t ( Mentioning hypertext transfer protocol: //www.suezcanal.gov.eg/calc.aspx Access on Sep. 24th 2010 ) On this official site of Suez Canal 1 can happen approximative toll charges per theodolite based on SCNT. These are as follows: Dampier – Isdemier ( loaded ship ) = $ 151, 995, Isdemier – Dampier ( ballast ship ) = $ 129, 288 These values are calculated with the aid of official Suez Canal site which attach in appendix of this study. Entire cost Canal dues round the voyages= $ 281283 — — — — — — — — — – ( 19 ) From ( 14 ) , ( 18 ) , ( 19 ) .Voyage cost= $ 1, 421, 772 — — — — — — — — — — — — — ( 20 )Run Cost: Entire no of yearss for one unit of ammunition ocean trip =48.5 yearss As running cost per twenty-four hours for ship= $ 6000 — — — — – ( given ) Runing cost for ocean trip for 48.5 days= $ 291, 000 — — — — — — — — — — — — — – ( 21 ) Ocean trip cost + Running cost together will give entire disbursals for coveted figure of lading. From ( 20 ) & A ; ( 21 ) Ocean trip cost + Running cost= $ 1, 712, 722 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — – ( 22 ) Now, we have Voyage cost, running cost, Fe ore that ship can transport so we can happen out the Cost per unit. Maximum lading that ship can carry=134, 374t From ( 22 )Cost per metric ton = $ 12.75 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — – ( 23 )Undertaking 3Calculate the clip charter equivalent ( TCE ) for each path, presuming a COA cargo rate of $ 15 per metric ton ( antique Ponta da Madeira ) and $ 20 per metric ton ( ex Dampier ) ( include 3 % agent ‘s committee on the clip charter ) . Ponda district attorney Madeira -Isdemir-Ponda district attorney Madeira: Freight rate given for this Voyage is $ 15 per metric ton. If we consider that ship carries Maximum lading in a ocean trip. From ( 13 ) Maximum lading that ship can carry= 134, 374t Rate = $ 15per metric ton So, Entire cargo for 134, 374t of Fe ore = $ 2, 015, 610 gross — — — — — — — — — — — — – ( 24 ) This Gross value includes the 3 % agent committee, therefore subtracting that from gross value. Net cargo value = $ 1, 955, 142 cyberspace — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ( 25 ) Now, in order to happen out Time charter equivalent ( TCE ) that includes the ocean trip cost and does n't include the running cost. TCE is a standard industry step of the mean day-to-day gross public presentation of a vas. The TCE rate achieved on a given ocean trip is expressed in US $ /day and is by and large calculated by deducting ocean trip disbursals, including sand traps and port charges, from ocean trip gross which will give Gross ocean trip excess. Then spliting by entire no of yearss in ocean trip will give Gross day-to-day excess. From ( 10 ) & A ; ( 25 ) Gross Voyage surplus= $ 997, 782 Dividing this value by no of yearss in ocean trip will give us Gross day-to-day excess Entire no of yearss 40.3 yearss Gross day-to-day excess = $ 24, 758 Now, if we include 3 % agent committee so it will give usTime charter Equivalent = $ 742, 74 per twenty-four hours( B ) Ocean trip Dampier ( Australia ) -Isdemir ( Turkey ) – Dampier ( Australia ) :Freight rate for this ocean trip given is $ 20 per metric ton ; in the same we can happen the Time charter value for this path Maximum lading that ship can carry=133, 942t Rate= $ 20 per metric ton Freight earned in one unit of ammunition voyage= $ 267, 8840 gross Subtracting 3 % agent committee from above gross value = 259, 847, 5 — — — — — — — — – ( 26 ) Subtracting ocean trip disbursals from above will give us gross ocean trip excess From ( 20 ) & A ; ( 26 ) 1, 421, 772 Gross ocean trip excess value= $ 1, 176, 703 If we divide this by no of yearss in a ocean trip so it will give us Gross day-to-day excess = $ 24, 261 Adding 3 % agent committee to above will give us Time charter tantamount valueTime charter value= $ 7, 278, 3 per twenty-four hoursUndertaking 4Calculate the figure of the cargos needed to finish the entire Fe ore tunnages from each lading port and the ship velocities required for every bit spaced seafarings throughout the twelvemonth.( a ) Ponda district attorney Madeira -Isdemir-Ponda district attorney Madeira:Number of cargos needed on this path to finish the contract can establish on the footing of ship transporting capacity. On this path upper limit lading that ship can transport = 134, 374t Iron ore to transported through this path = 810,000t — — – ( Given ) If we divide Iron ore measure to the maximal lading that ship can transport, that will give us figure of cargos required to finish the contract. No of cargos = 7 Here, Ship requires seafaring of 7 times with laden lading and 6 times as ballast ship in order to finish the contract. Ship velocity on this path can be adjusted to 14.0 knots which will give 44 twenty-four hours ‘s unit of ammunition ocean trip seafaring. This manner, it can be 44 yearss of every bit spaced seafaring over about 295 yearss.( B ) Ocean trip Dampier ( Australia ) -Isdemir ( Turkey ) – Dampier ( Australia ) :Same manner, we can happen for this path excessively. Maximum lading that ship can carry=121102t Entire measure of Iron ore to be transported=940,000t Dividing measure of Fe ore by maximal lading that ship can transport will give us: No of shipments=8 In this instance ship is required to pass through Suez Canal 8 times with laden lading and 7 times as ballast ship for the completion of contract. So, canal dues are different for laden ship and ballast ship, hence to be considered carefully. Ship velocity on this path can be adjusted to 14.1 knots with laden lading and 14.2 knots with ballast ship which will give 52 yearss of circular ocean trip seafaring. So, each ocean trip could be of every bit separated 52 yearss. On this path, at least one cargo required to be completed by another ship which could be the ship on Ponda district attorney Madeira path. . If 52 yearss round ocean trip seafaring is to be considered with one ship, it will take about 395 yearss which is beyond the contracted period. Initially, one ship can get down the lading work on this path and subsequently, can be joined by ship which will run on the Ponda district attorney Madeira path. Entire 2 ships will be required for completion of needed tunnage of Fe ore and contract.Undertaking 5Sum up the bearer ‘s contractual duties in respects of: A A A A a ) Requirements for ships on the contract A A A A B ) Nominating ships for each cargo A A A A degree Celsius ) Keeping the loading ballad can schedule and effects for non A A A A vitamin D ) Delays and divergences en path A A A A vitamin E ) Presentment on reaching at burden and discharge ports. This is contract issued by General board of directors of ISDEMIR for pellets, ball and all right Fe ore. Duration of the contract is clearly mentioned in the contract. Quantity tunnage allowance is given as A ±10 % to be considered for reasoning the contract between ISDEMIR and Carrier. There are several issue which may impact the services over the period of clip. It may be type of vas, cargo, punishment, cargo rate, payment, and 3rd party engagement, cancellation of contract, force majeure, and public presentation bond. This issue can be discussed in summarized signifier as below: Requirement for ships on the contract: Carrier has to utilize the ship which he enlisted in his offer or any change should be done with permission of ISDEMIR and marketer. If ship is of foreign flag so it will requires blessing of Import section. Ship should non be of south Cyprus flag in any instance. Ship has to be with clean holds and ready for lading in all facets. Ship ‘s lading clasp hatches should be certified for H2O stringency by categorization of society. Vessel should hold P & A ; I club insurance to cover the charter period. Concluding demand for ship is that it should hold category throughout the contractual period certified by categorization of society. Nominating ship for each cargo Nomination of vessel shall take topographic point 20 yearss prior to commencement day of the month of lading laycan. In failure to make so ISDEMIR has wholly right to impact the conveyance on the footing of name and history of bearer. All the right to sing cancellation of day of the month of ballad yearss is reserved by ISDEMIR, Carrier has agreed to revised ballad yearss. Loading laycan agenda has to be agreed by three party ISDEMIR, marketer and bearer. Loading laycan agreed upon by ISDEMIR and bearer before contract should non divert. However, if bearer request change of lading laycan so ISDEMIR will hold all right to accept or reject it. It will be treated as without lading laycan even if it is approved by ISDEMIR. The full demurrage claim by marketer which may originate due to change in lading laycan agenda shall be borne bearer. If ISDEMIR rejects the change so bearer has to follow original laycan otherwise it may take heavy punishment, cancellation of contract. It is discussed in following subdivision. Keeping the loading laycan agenda and effects for non Loading laycan factor is really of import in this contract as it is involved with keeping agenda, change of vas, or any hold which may impact agenda of peculiar vas. Any hold which is caused by vas without informing ISDEMIR may ensue in terrible punishment or expiration of contract. All the losingss, amendss or any claim by marketer should be borne by bearer under this status irrespective of original laycan. If the burden laycan is affected except the force majeure, bearer will be apt to pay USD $ 3,000 for each twenty-four hours up to 5 yearss, from 5th twenty-four hours onwards he will pay US $ 6,000 per twenty-four hours. If the hold period exceeds 15 yearss ISDEMIR has right to call off the contract. ISDEMIR has the right to acquire the same conveyance trade done by another ship-owner/charterer. If loading laycan agenda is effected by force majeure event so vas will non invalidate any liabilities due to this. Any hold should non transcend more than 15 yearss otherwise ISDEMIR wil l hold all right and same trade may be fulfilled by same bearer or another ship-owner/charterer. Any hold occurred should be approved by ISDEMIR and invariably reported to them otherwise once more bearer will be apt for all losingss, amendss and claims. Delaies and divergences en path Any hold which will happen during the contract period excepting force majeure event apt for punishment if it is non approved by ISDEMIR. Carrier should do certain that any alteration in lading laycan reported to ISDEMIR punctually approved. In any instance hold period should non transcend 15 yearss if this happens ISDEMIR will hold all right to take any action which they think appropriate. If the hold occurred at lading port bearer shall be apt to pay US $ 5,000 per twenty-four hours and US $ 10,000 per twenty-four hours after 10th twenty-four hours. In the contract under General term subdivision 12 it is clearly mentioned that divergence from direct path should non happen except for the fuel replenishment or force majeure without ISDEMIR blessing. Once vas is loaded it should direct canvas to droping port without naming any port. Presentment of reaching at burden and discharge ports Carrier or shipmaster has to give the definite ETA and tunnage to be loaded. Vessel geting at lading port should give the verification to ISDEMIR, marketer of 10 yearss, 7days, 48 hour, 24 hour prior reaching to lading port. In instance of dispatching port it has to follow same process that is inform marketer and ISDEMIR, sum loaded unequivocal ETA for ISDEMIR port prior 10 yearss, 7days,48 hour and 24 hour. All the presentment or preparedness at burden port should be received during weekdays Monday-Friday between 08:00 to 17:00 hour and on Saturday between 09:00 to 13:00 hours. Any notice after 13:00 hours on Saturday shall be count as 08:00 hours of following on the job twenty-four hours. Notice of preparedness can be tendered mundane between 08:00 to 17:00 hours and any notice after this clip will considered at 08:00 hours of following twenty-four hours. Laytime will be counted after 24 hours of tendering and credence of the notice of preparedness.Undertaking 6Sum up your reserve sing costs and gross, finishing the cargos to agenda and the suitableness of the ships for the COA. Recommend, with ground, whether the company should or should non subject a command for this contract, based on current cargo market conditions and any other relevant considerations. The contract invites freight offers $ 15 per metric ton ( antique Ponda da Madeira ) and $ 20 per metric ton ( ex Dampier ) for the 810,000 and 940,000 tunnage of Fe ore severally. In the ocean trip appraisal cost per metric ton for antique pool district attorney Madeira and ex Dampier comes $ 10.57 and $ 16.65 severally ( delight see the excel sheet ) . Gross ocean trip excess for antique Ponda district attorney Madeira path is $ 748,623 and gross day-to-day excess is $ 16,983 per twenty-four hours whereas Gross ocean trip excess on ex Dampier path is $ 644,958 and gross day-to-day excess is $ 12,412 per twenty-four hours. Now, if Net ocean trip excess to be discussed on ex Ponda district attorney Madeira path once more it gives really sound figure with $ 484,138 while on ex Dampier path it is $ 333,175.The net day-to-day excess on antique Ponda district attorney Madeira path is $ 10,983 per twenty-four hours and on the ex Dampier path it is $ 6,412 per twenty-four hours ( delight s ee excel sheet ) Here, this is clear that antique Ponda district attorney Madeira path is more profitable asnet day-to-day excess on this path higher than ex Dampier path. Ex Ponda district attorney Madeira path more money generating and can be easy completed with every bit spaced seafaring over the contract period. Cargos required on the both the path ex Ponda district attorney Madeira and ex Dampier path are 7 and 8. On the ex Ponda district attorney Madeira path it will take 295 yearss with 44 yearss every bit spaced sailing which can be easy fulfilled. On the other manus, on the ex Dampier path it will take 395 yearss complete the contract with one ship. So, it is required to hold one cargo acquire done with another ship. This could be the ship which runs on ex Ponda da path. The ship which will run on the ex Ponda district attorney Madeira path will hold adequate clip to finish the needed tunnage of Fe ore hence can be easy do one cargo on the ex Dampier path. Capsize ship will be most suited for this contract as they can easy raise the over 100,000 metric tons of lading. Capsize ship